Testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer, particularly when it is diagnosed early. It involves uncontrolled cell growth in the testes and is the most common cancer type affecting young men, despite being generally rare overall.
Risk Factors and Types
The exact cause of testicular cancer remains unknown, though certain factors show correlation:
- Undescended testicles
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Genetic factors and family history
Most cases originate in germ cells (the cells that produce sperm) and are classified as:
- Seminomas - slower-growing and responsive to radiation
- Non-seminomas - faster-growing with multiple subtypes
Key Symptoms to Monitor
Be aware of these warning signs:
- Scrotal swelling, lumps, or tenderness
- A sensation of heaviness in the scrotum
- Groin or lower abdominal pressure or dull pain
- Any changes in testicular size, firmness, or texture
- Breast tenderness or enlarged pectorals (rare, from hormone-producing cancers)
Late-Stage Indicators
- Back or chest pain
- Breathing difficulty
- Blood in sputum
- Blood clots
Diagnosis
Doctors may order several tests to confirm or rule out testicular cancer:
- Blood tests for tumor markers (AFP and HCG)
- Ultrasound imaging
- CT scans
Surgery to remove the testicle is almost always the first step in treatment if cancer is confirmed.
Conditions That May Be Mistaken for Cancer
Several benign conditions can mimic testicular cancer symptoms:
- Varicocele - enlarged veins in the scrotum
- Hydrocele - fluid accumulation around the testicle
- Hernias - tissue protruding through the abdominal wall
- Epididymal cysts - benign fluid-filled lumps, perhaps most commonly mistaken for tumours
The Importance of Early Detection
Men between the ages of 15 and 55 should perform self-examinations on a monthly basis. Regular screening significantly improves treatment success rates when cancer is caught early.
If you notice any changes or have concerns, don't delay seeking medical advice.
If you're concerned about any symptoms, book a Scrotal/Testes Ultrasound Scan at Ultrasound Ireland. Call 01 210 0232.
